Preimplantation Genetic Screening & Testing (PGS / PGT)
What is PGT?
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) involves gently removing a few cells from an IVF embryo to check whether it has the correct number of chromosomes. Humans normally have 23 pairs — 46 in total — and an extra or missing chromosome causes problems, such as Down syndrome (an extra chromosome 21). PGT helps identify these before the embryo is transferred, so only chromosomally normal embryos are selected.
Why PGT?
Around half of all IVF embryos are chromosomally abnormal, and this rises sharply with the mother’s age. Such abnormalities are a major cause of failed implantation and account for roughly 70% of early miscarriages. By screening embryos first, we improve the chance of a successful, healthy pregnancy and reduce heartbreak along the way.
Which abnormalities can be detected?
PGT can identify a range of chromosomal issues, including an abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) such as Down syndrome (extra chromosome 21) or Edwards syndrome (extra chromosome 18); missing chromosome segments (deletions); rearrangements (translocations); and sex-chromosome conditions like Turner or Klinefelter syndrome.
Benefits
Testing lets us transfer the embryo most likely to succeed. It improves embryo selection, lowers the risk of miscarriage, reduces the need to transfer multiple embryos, and shortens the time and emotional strain of reaching a healthy pregnancy. Even embryos that look perfect can carry hidden abnormalities, which PGT helps rule out.
Who should consider it?
PGT is especially valuable if you are 35 or older, have had recurrent miscarriages or repeated IVF failures, carry a known chromosomal condition, or wish to transfer a single embryo with the best chance of success.
Have any questions?
FAQs
Is the biopsy safe for the embryo?
Yes. Only a few cells are removed at the blastocyst stage by skilled embryologists, without harming the embryo’s ability to grow.
Does PGT guarantee a healthy baby?
It greatly lowers the risk of chromosomal conditions and miscarriage, but no test guarantees a completely healthy pregnancy – routine antenatal care still continues.
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Dr. Daniel
Dr. Barbara